Several advantages of a rectangular waveguide such as high power handling, high -factor, and electrical shielding are attained in SIW technology. Furthermore, the radiation leakage can be ignored in the SIW structures having metallic via placed in close proximity, resulting in propagation characteristics similar to metallic rectangular waveguides. The SIW based structures can be implemented by various manufacturing processes such as conventional printed circuit board process (PCB), multilayer PCB process, photoimageable thick film technology, and low-temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) technique. There are many techniques to improve the gain, either by using large arrays, which in turn increases losses from the feed network especially at the high frequencies, or by using superstrates.
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